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向“政治馈赠”宣战?莫迪批“发糖文化”对国家发展“极度危险”_民众_政策_我的网站

A | Amel Safi did not say goodbye to her brothers before she fled Gaza because it would have made it harder to leave, the 22-year-old Palestinian told ABC News.Following Israel's warning to evacuate northern Gaza Friday ahead of a potential ground incursion, Safi said her mother came to her and asked her to pack her "most precious" items in a small bag and the women in her family went to Khan Yunis, a city in the southern Gaza Strip, while the men stayed behind."I was crying from the moment that my mum told me I have to prepare my bag. I feel like I couldn't talk with my brothers because I'm going to cry more," Safi told ABC News in a Zoom interview on Friday. "I don't want to see them because I know if I have seen them, I would cry more.""I don't like even my enemy to experience such a thing," she added.Safi said she and her family have been living in fear amid Israeli airstrikes retaliating for Hamas' brutal surprise attack last weekend. As of Sunday, at least 2,670 people have been killed and an estimated 9,600 more injured in the strikes in Gaza, according to the Palestinian Ministry of Health."Every single night, every single moment, we are afraid to be bombed, to be killed," Safi said.The Israeli military early Friday told all residents north of Wadi Gaza -- 1.1 million people -- to evacuate their homes within 24 hours and move south. Safi said her family wasn't sure what to do following the notice. Ultimately, the men in her family decided to stay while the women and her youngest brother went to Khan Yunis, where they hoped they would be safer, Safi said."A house that my father built, like he did everything to build, and he tried his best to give us a place to feel safe -- everything in a moment, we may lose it," Safi said. "We are very afraid and we are very sad. I couldn't believe the situation. I couldn't believe it. I feel like, okay, am I dreaming? Am I in a nightmare?"Safi said she's staying at a place in Khan Yunis with between 12 to 15 people. Friends of her siblings asked if they could stay with them but they didn't have enough room. Other evacuees are having trouble finding places to stay and many are sleeping on the streets, she said."You can see women holding their children and they're crying over them," she said. "They can't feed them. They can't find a place to feel safe."They brought food with them, but Safi said the shelves at supermarkets near them are nearly empty."Even if you have the money, you wouldn't be able to buy the things that you really need," she said.In the wake of the evacuation notice, the Israel Defense Forces said Saturday they plan to implement a wide-ranging offensive, including "significant ground operations," and will "broadly attack Gaza City very soon."With her family now separated amid the raging conflict, Safi said she hopes she will get to see her brothers and father again."I will never be able to forget what happened today. It's just a nightmare," she said. "I wish someone can come to me and wake me up."。

B |

C | 他表示:“发糖文化的爱好者并不关心修建机场、高速路以及发展国防工业,我们必须摒弃这种思想,将这种风气从政界彻底移除。”《印度斯坦时报》称,莫迪这番慷慨陈词并非空穴来风:今年4月,由政府高级官员组成的专家团队向莫迪提交了一份报告,称印度一些地区的政治馈赠现象已经达到“丧失理性”的程度,放任这种趋势或将导致一些邦政府“宣告破产”;更有专家声称:“我们正在走上斯里兰卡的老路。” 但印度国内对“政治馈赠”却没有形成共识。印度最高法院早在今年年初就已经受理一项针对“政治馈赠”现象的申诉,明确表示该类馈赠超出常规预算范畴即属于“严重问题”,并要求中央政府及印度选举委员会(ECI)方面做出回应。

D | ECI4月回应称,政党提供政治馈赠的行为属于“政策类决策”,这属于中央政府管辖范畴。双方之间“踢皮球”让问题始终没有明确答案。选举季即为“行贿季” 对于不少印度普通民众而言,政治选举活动算得上“喜闻乐见”。

E | 不同党派为了拉票,会争相派人到大街上、居民区里发放各类福利,一些出手比较阔绰的党派甚至会发放现金、贵重电器、医疗保险,甚至还有党派会给选民发放黄金。香港《南华早报》直言,印度的选举季其实本质上就是“行贿季”。近年来,各党派的“政治馈赠”与“福利性政策”之间的界限逐渐模糊,以至于外界很难辨别哪些举措是在讨好选民、哪些是真正为公众谋福利。BBC举例称,就连执政党人民党都会在选举季推出一些惠民政策,比如提供免费住房或住房补贴、为一些地区建设厕所和卫生设施、引入天然气。在比哈尔邦,政府会为贫困生提供学费和自行车,鼓励并帮助女孩完成学业;在泰米尔纳德邦,政府兴建公共食堂,为民众提供政府补贴的“大锅饭”;等等。褒贬不一的“福利惠民” 自1947年独立以来,“政治馈赠”一直是印度政治选举中不可或缺的一环。

F | 莫迪认为这种做法是不成熟、低效率的政治行为。政客们借此来讨好选民,最终却并不会为之埋单,无法实现“对民众负责”这一最基本的选举承诺。对此,印度各方意见不一。

G | 印度《商业标准报》一篇评论认为,在地方获胜的“草根政党”往往借债提供“政治馈赠”式的福利政策讨好民众,同时通过政治操弄、民粹抗议等方式要挟印度中央政府持续向其提供补助来填补债务黑洞。这么做几乎实现了“国中之国”式的地方统治,对中央政府的政策推进带来阻力。

H | 通过对“政治馈赠”实施严格审核,莫迪政府将有力制约地方政党的施政自由,促进提升中央政府的改革效率。

I | 印度新德里电视台则评论认为,莫迪此举是打击“草根政党”的重要手段。许多被莫迪定义为“政治馈赠”的政策,实际上是在了解当地民众需求后,向民众提供指向性“公共福利”,它反映了不同候选人对施政目标重点的不同。在野期间,人民党自身也实施过类似的政策。这些政策的实施效果应由民众自身投票决定,而不是被污名化为“政治馈赠”,遭到审核和攻击。《印度快报》发表社论称,“政治馈赠”不能一概而论,很多时候是印度发展不完备、体系内部效率不高的情况下,帮助最困难的民众,实现转移支付的唯一方式。

J | 政治精英们并不了解实际情况,笼统地指责各地方的做法,这么做既缺少同情心,更缺少政治智慧。返回搜狐,查看更多责任编辑:
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